Dampak Persaingan Industri Keuangan dan Pangsa BPR/BPRS Terhadap Konsumsi Rumah Tangga di Indonesia: Pendekatan Herfindahl-Hirschman Index
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47441/jkp.v21i1.487Keywords:
Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, Persaingan, Inklusi, Konsentrasi pasarAbstract
Akses pembiayaan masyarakat ke lembaga keuangan di Indonesia masih menunjukkan kesenjangan. Pada tahun 2023, hanya 3,63 persen rumah tangga yang memperoleh pinjaman dari BPR/BPRS, jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan layanan keuangan lainnya. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa peran BPR/BPRS dalam struktur persaingan industri keuangan belum optimal dalam menjangkau kebutuhan pembiayaan rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh persaingan industri keuangan terhadap konsumsi rumah tangga di Indonesia menggunakan Indeks Herfindahl–Hirschman (HHI) sebagai ukuran konsentrasi pasar. Analisis dilakukan melalui regresi cross-section berbasis data Susenas 2023, dengan konsumsi per kapita sebagai variabel dependen dan variabel kontrol berupa jumlah anggota rumah tangga, kepemilikan tabungan, serta status wilayah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa industri keuangan di Indonesia berada pada tingkat konsentrasi moderat (HHI sebesar 1.985,88). Nilai HHI berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap konsumsi per kapita, yang menunjukkan bahwa semakin kompetitif struktur pasar keuangan, semakin tinggi tingkat konsumsi masyarakat. Selain itu, pasar yang lebih kompetitif juga berkorelasi dengan meningkatnya pangsa BPR/BPRS. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya kebijakan yang mendorong persaingan industri keuangan dan memperluas inklusi keuangan guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan rumah tangga.
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